2DO CONTENIDO

Entendiendo los Tiempos Verbales en Inglés

Una comprensión sólida de los tiempos verbales es clave no solo para expresarse correctamente, sino también para interpretar con precisión artículos científicos, ensayos y publicaciones internacionales.

A continuación, una guía práctica sobre los tiempos verbales más comunes en inglés, acompañada de ejemplos adaptados al lenguaje académico y profesional. Al final, encontrarás una tabla-resumen que puedes guardar como referencia rápida.

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1. Present Simple

Usamos este tiempo para expresar verdades generales, rutinas o hechos permanentes.

Estructura: Subject + base verb (+ s/es para tercera persona)

Ejemplo:

• "The professor reviews the literature every semester."

• "Water boils at 100°C."

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2. Present Continuous

Se utiliza para describir acciones que están ocurriendo en el momento de hablar o situaciones temporales.

Estructura: Subject + am/is/are + verb + -ing

Ejemplo:

• "She is analyzing the results of her study."

• "We are preparing the final draft."

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3. Past Simple

Ideal para narrar hechos finalizados en el pasado, especialmente cuando se menciona el momento en que ocurrieron.

Estructura: Subject + verb (past form)

Ejemplo:

• "They conducted the experiment in 2021."

• "He submitted his thesis last week."

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4. Past Continuous

Describe una acción en progreso en un momento específico del pasado o dos acciones simultáneas.

Estructura: Subject + was/were + verb + -ing

Ejemplo:

• "I was writing the abstract while my colleague was compiling the data."

• "At midnight, she was still working on the presentation."

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5. Present Perfect

Relaciona una acción pasada con el presente. Muy útil en artículos y resúmenes académicos para resaltar hallazgos recientes.

Estructura: Subject + have/has + past participle

Ejemplo:

• "Researchers have found a correlation between stress and sleep deprivation."

• "He has published three articles on this topic."

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6. Present Perfect Continuous

Describe una acción que comenzó en el pasado y continúa hasta ahora o acaba de finalizar, con énfasis en la duración.

Estructura: Subject + have/has been + verb + -ing

Ejemplo:

• "I have been studying neural networks for over a decade."

• "They have been collecting data since January."

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7. Past Perfect

Habla de una acción que ocurrió antes de otra acción pasada.

Estructura: Subject + had + past participle

Ejemplo:

• "She had finished her presentation before the panel arrived."

• "We had reviewed the methodology thoroughly."

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8. Past Perfect Continuous

Similar al anterior, pero con énfasis en la duración de una acción antes de otro momento pasado.

Estructura: Subject + had been + verb + -ing

Ejemplo:

• "They had been working on the manuscript for months before submitting it."

• "He had been teaching for 15 years when he became dean."

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9. Future Simple

Para acciones futuras, predicciones o decisiones espontáneas.

Estructura: Subject + will + base verb

Ejemplo:

• "I will submit the article by Friday."

• "They will attend the international conference."

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10. Future Continuous

Describe una acción que estará en progreso en un momento específico del futuro.

Estructura: Subject + will be + verb + -ing

Ejemplo:

• "This time tomorrow, we will be presenting our findings."

• "She will be teaching during the fall semester."

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11. Future Perfect

Indica que una acción futura se completará antes de otra acción o tiempo en el futuro.

Estructura: Subject + will have + past participle

Ejemplo:

• "By June, I will have completed my doctoral research."

• "They will have published the results before the next symposium."

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12. Future Perfect Continuous

Enfatiza la duración de una acción continua hasta un momento específico del futuro.

Estructura: Subject + will have been + verb + -ing

Ejemplo:

• "By next year, he will have been working at the lab for 20 years."

• "We will have been collaborating for over a decade."

Cuadro Resumen de Tiempos Verbales en Inglés

Tiempo Verbal	Ejemplo
Present Simple	"She teaches literature at the university."
Present Continuous	"He is preparing for the dissertation defense."
Past Simple	"They published their paper last month."
Past Continuous	"I was reviewing the article all night."
Present Perfect	"We have completed the research."
Present Perfect Continuous	"She has been studying for three hours."
Past Perfect	"He had submitted the proposal before the deadline."
Past Perfect Continuous	"They had been analyzing the data for weeks."
Future Simple	"I will attend the seminar tomorrow."
Future Continuous	"By 10 a.m., he will be presenting the results."
Future Perfect	"We will have finished the thesis by June."
Future Perfect Continuous	"She will have been working on this project for a year."

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Reflexión Final

Dominar los tiempos verbales no es una cuestión de memorizar estructuras, sino de entender los matices del tiempo y el contexto. En la escritura académica, cada tiempo cumple una función estratégica: conectar ideas, situar eventos y construir argumentos sólidos. Invierte tiempo en practicar con ejemplos reales y textos académicos para interiorizar cada uno con naturalidad.

Y los verbos Regulares e Irregulares

En inglés, los verbos cambian su forma para expresar el pasado y el participio pasado (por ejemplo: I work → I worked). Según cómo cambian, los clasificamos en dos tipos:

Verbos regulares

Son aquellos que forman el pasado y el participio pasado simplemente añadiendo -ed al final del verbo base.

Ejemplos:

• Work → worked

• Play → played

• Study → studied

Regla especial: Si el verbo termina en -y después de una consonante, se cambia -y por -ied (ej. study → studied).

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Verbos irregulares

No siguen una regla fija. Cambian completamente, no cambian, o tienen una forma diferente en pasado y participio. Por eso es importante memorizar sus formas.

Ejemplos:

• Go → went → gone

• Eat → ate → eaten

• Buy → bought → bought

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Lista de 20 verbos regulares con su significado

Verbo base	Pasado	Significado
work	worked	trabajar
call	called	llamar
play	played	jugar
start	started	comenzar
want	wanted	querer
watch	watched	mirar/ver
talk	talked	hablar
clean	cleaned	limpiar
use	used	usar
open	opened	abrir
close	closed	cerrar
dance	danced	bailar
wait	waited	esperar
help	helped	ayudar
travel	traveled	viajar
study	studied	estudiar
arrive	arrived	llegar
love	loved	amar
rain	rained	llover
cook	cooked	cocinar

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Lista de 20 verbos irregulares con su significado

Verbo base	Pasado	Participio	Significado
go	went	gone	ir
be	was/were	been	ser/estar
have	had	had	tener
do	did	done	hacer
eat	ate	eaten	comer
drink	drank	drunk	beber
see	saw	seen	ver
take	took	taken	tomar/llevar
get	got	gotten/got	obtener/llegar
make	made	made	hacer/fabricar
buy	bought	bought	comprar
think	thought	thought	pensar
say	said	said	decir
come	came	come	venir
write	wrote	written	escribir
read	read	read	leer
sleep	slept	slept	dormir
begin	began	begun	comenzar/empezar
know	knew	known	saber/conocer
give	gave	given	dar

Exercises!

Academic Reading: "The Evolution of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare"

Over the last two decades, artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly transformed the healthcare industry. Researchers have developed algorithms capable of diagnosing diseases with high accuracy, and hospitals are increasingly relying on AI tools to streamline administrative tasks and enhance patient care.

One notable advancement occurred in 2018, when a group of scientists published a study on the effectiveness of AI in detecting diabetic retinopathy. By the time the study was released, several medical institutions had already adopted similar technologies, which greatly improved early diagnosis rates.

Currently, AI systems are being used to predict patient deterioration, optimize treatment plans, and support clinical decision-making. Experts predict that, by 2030, most hospitals will have implemented AI-driven solutions in their core operations. However, many professionals believe that humans will always remain essential in the interpretation and ethical application of AI recommendations.

As of today, researchers have been exploring ways to integrate AI with personalized medicine, and the results have shown promising potential. If this trend continues, the role of AI in medicine will have expanded significantly within the next ten years.

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Exercises: Fill in the blanks with the correct verb tense (based on the text).

1. AI technologies __________ (transform) healthcare in recent years.
   
   

2. By 2018, some institutions __________ (adopt) AI tools for early detection.
   
   

3. At this moment, hospitals __________ (use) AI to assist with patient care.
   
   

4. Researchers __________ (publish) an important study in 2018.
   
   

5. Experts believe that, in a few years, most hospitals __________ (implement) AI in their operations.
   
   

6. While the study was being written, other hospitals __________ (already/use) similar technology.
   
   

7. Since the early 2000s, scientists __________ (explore) the potential of AI in medicine.
   
   

8. The team of experts predicts that AI __________ (expand) its role in healthcare by 2035.
   
   

9. Despite the advances, professionals think human judgment __________ (remain) vital.
   
   

10. The integration of AI and personalized medicine __________ (show) great promise so far.
    
    

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Answer Key:

1. has transformed
   
   

2. had adopted
   
   

3. are using
   
   

4. published
   
   

5. will have implemented
   
   

6. had already been using
   
   

7. have been exploring
   
   

8. will have expanded
   
   

9. will remain
   
   

10. has shown

Video Tiempos Verbales